Everything about Second Battle Of Panipat totally explained
The
Second Battle of Panipat was fought between the forces of
Samrat Hem Chander Vikramaditya, popularly called
Hemu, and the army of
Mughal emperor
Akbar, on
November 5,
1556.
Background
On
January 24,
1556, Mughal ruler Humayun died and was succeeded by his son, Akbar who was only thirteen years old. On
February 14,
1556, in a garden at
Kalanaur in Punjab, Akbar was enthroned as the king. At the time of his accession to the throne, the Mughal rule was confined to
Kabul,
Kandahar, parts of [Delhi]] and Punjab. Akbar was then campaigning in Kabul with his guardian,
Bairam Khan.
Hem Chander or Hemu was the Prime minister and military chief of
Adil Shah Suri, who ruled over a region east of Delhi established at
Chunar and was seeking to expel the Mughals from Delhi. At the time of Humayun's death,
Hemu had quelled a rebellion in
Bengal. He made his intentions of winning Delhi for himself known to his commanders. He then started a campaign winning battles throughout northern India. When he attacked Agra, the commander of the Mughal forces in
Agra ran away, leaving the state without a fight. A large area of Ettawah, Kalpi and Agra states had come under Hemu's control.
Hemu then moved towards
Delhi and stationed his forces outside the city at
Tughlaqabad. On
October 6,
1556, his army encountered Mughal resistance. After a fierce fight Akbar's forces were ousted, and
Tardi Beg, the commander of the Mughal forces, ran away, allowing Hemu to capture Delhi without much difficulty. Around 3000 army personnel were killed. Hemu had himself coronated at
Purana Quila on
October 7,
1556, and was bestowed the title of
Samrat Vikramaditya.
Battle
Developments in
Delhi and
Agra disturbed the Mughals at Kalanaur. Many Mughal Generals advised
Akbar and
Bairam Khan to retreat to
Kabul as Mughal forces may not face
Hemu's might, but
Bairam Khan decided in favour of war. Akbar's army marched towards
Delhi. On
November 5, both armies met at the historic battlefield of
Panipat, where, thirty years earlier, Akbar's grandfather
Babur had defeated
Ibrahim Lodi in what is known as First battle of Panipat. Hemu's army had initial success and it seemed that they'd defeat Akbar's forces; however, Hemu was accidentally struck by an arrow in the eye by an army archer. The loss of Hemu Vikramaditya caused panic among the troops and turned the tide of the battle.
Shah Quli Khan captured Hemu and took him directly to Akbar and Bairam Khan who were stationed away from the battlefield.
Some historians claim that
Akbar didn't kill Hemu himself, but just touched his head with his sword and his associates finished Hemu off.
This battle resulted in establishment of the
Mughal Empire in India.
Further Information
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